Evergreen Seismic Pillar • 1700–Present•100 Catastrophic Ruptures

Top 100 Landmark Earthquakes of All Time

The definitive global archive of recorded seismic megathrusts, historic rupture zones, and devastating tsunamis. Ranked through rigorous geophysical scoring combining Moment Magnitude (Mw), H3 population density exposure, and casualty impact.

Total Database Quakes1M+

Max MagnitudeM 9.5

Strong Shaking~1.9B+

Scientific Feeds18 Sources

Global Landmark Epicenters Map (1700–Present)

100 / 100

Centuries Seismic Activity & Magnitude Timeline (1700–Present)

Distribution of recorded historical mega-ruptures across three centuries. Magnitude vs focal depth.

Hover or tap a point for details.Current Rolling Risk: M8.8

Shallow (<35 km)Intermediate (35–70 km)Deep (>70 km)

Showing 100 of 100 landmark earthquakes

La Araucanía, Chile

1960-05-22•Depth: 25 km•Peru-Chile Trench (Nazca Subduction)

Casualties1,000–6,000

Strong Shaking~18M

Off the coast of Sendai, Japan

2011-03-11•Depth: 29 km•Japan Trench Megathrust

Casualties19,759

Strong Shaking~81.9M

Off the coast of Lhokseumawe, Indonesia

IndonesiaTsunami

2004-12-26•Depth: 30 km•Sunda Megathrust

Casualties227,898

Strong Shaking~50M

Alaska, USA

1964-03-28•Depth: 25 km•Aleutian Megathrust

Strong Shaking~10.8M

Off the coast of Portland, USA

1700-01-26•Depth: 20 km•Cascadia Megathrust

CasualtiesUnknown (Orphan Tsunami)

Strong Shaking~17.3M

Off the coast of Esmeraldas, Ecuador

1906-01-31•Depth: 25 km•Colombia-Ecuador Trench

Casualties1,000

Strong Shaking~16.9M

Off the coast of Concepción, Chile

2010-02-27•Depth: 23 km•Peru-Chile Trench

Strong Shaking~13.6M

Off the coast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

1952-11-04•Depth: 21 km•Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

Casualties2,336

Strong Shaking~1.1M

Off the coast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

2025-07-29•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~942K

North Atlantic Ocean (Portugal)

PortugalTsunami

1755-11-01•Depth: 20 km•Gorringe Bank Thrust

Casualties60,000

Strong Shaking~10.5M

Assam, India

1950-08-15•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~112.1M

Off the coast of Sibolga, Indonesia

2005-03-28•Depth: 30 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~23M

Off the coast of Viña del Mar, Chile

2015-09-16•Depth: 22 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.5M

Banda Sea (Indonesia)

1938-02-01•Depth: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~14.2M

Off the coast of Escuintla, Mexico

2017-09-08•Depth: 47 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~8.9M

Gansu, China

1920-12-16•Depth: 17 km•Haiyuan Fault

Casualties200,000

Strong Shaking~46.5M

Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

1923-09-01•Depth: 15 km•Sagami Trough Subduction

Casualties142,800

Strong Shaking~56.8M

Off the coast of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2007-09-12•Depth: 34 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~18.9M

Off the coast of Wakayama, Japan

1946-12-20•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~30.7M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1918-08-15•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~28.9M

Off the coast of Iquique, Chile

2014-04-01•Depth: 25 km•Pisagua

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~1.8M

North Pacific Ocean (Japan)

1933-03-02•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~7.2M

Off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan

1920-06-05•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~43.6M

Michoacán, Mexico

1985-09-19•Depth: 20 km•Middle America Trench

Casualties10,000

Strong Shaking~7.3M

Arequipa, Peru

2001-06-23•Depth: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~5.9M

San Francisco, California, USA

1906-04-18•Depth: 10 km•San Andreas Fault (Northern Segment)

Casualties3,000

Strong Shaking~12.6M

Papua, Indonesia

1914-05-26•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~16.7M

Aleutian Islands (USA)

1946-04-01•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~351K

Atacama, Chile

1922-11-11•Depth: 70 km•Falla Pismanta-Las Flores

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~3.7M

Off the coast of Wakayama, Japan

1944-12-07•Depth: 15 km•Senmata

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~30.6M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

1968-05-16•Depth: 27 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~11.8M

Off the coast of Perryville, USA

2021-07-29•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~452K

Almaty, Kazakhstan

1911-01-03•Depth: 20 km•Chon-Kemin-Chilik Fault Zone

Strong Shaking~11M

Off the coast of Kushiro, Japan

2003-09-25•Depth: 27 km•Kochien

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.9M

Davao Del Sur, Philippines

1924-04-14•Depth: 15 km•Mati Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~26.7M

Janakpur, Nepal

1934-01-15•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~62.6M

Off the coast of Turbat, Pakistan

1945-11-27•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~23.8M

Valparaíso, Chile

1906-08-17•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.4M

Indian Ocean (Indonesia)

1907-01-04•Depth: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~6.8M

North Pacific Ocean (Japan)

1994-10-04•Depth: 14 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~2.6M

Kamchatka, Russia

1923-02-03•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~1M

Huacho, Lima, Peru

1940-05-24•Depth: 45 km•RAPAZ FAULT SYSTEM

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~11.1M

Esmeraldas, Ecuador

2016-04-16•Depth: 21 km•MACHE_FAULT

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~7.2M

Jalisco, Mexico

1932-06-03•Depth: 35 km•Techaluta

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~16.4M

Himachal Pradesh, India

1905-04-04•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~83.5M

Xinjiang Uygur, China

1906-12-22•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~28.3M

Chimbote, Ancash, Peru

1970-05-31•Depth: 45 km•Peru-Chile Subduction Zone

Casualties70,000

Strong Shaking~3.7M

Off the coast of Huaura, Peru

1966-10-17•Depth: 37 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.5M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

2026-06-07•Depth: 57 km•Daguma Extension Mindanao Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~21.9M

Off the coast of Kushiro, Japan

1952-03-04•Depth: 45 km•Kochien

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~12.3M

Valparaíso, Chile

1943-04-06•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~8.2M

Off the coast of Biak, Indonesia

1996-02-17•Depth: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~7.6M

Indian Ocean (Indonesia)

1965-01-24•Depth: 28 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~2.6M

Sichuan, China

2008-05-12•Depth: 19 km•Longmenshan Thrust Fault

Casualties87,587

Strong Shaking~37.3M

Dzavhan, Mongolia

1905-07-23•Depth: 15 km•Bulnay Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~915K

Sea of Japan (Japan)

2011-03-11•Depth: 43 km•Takahagi

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~53.7M

İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

1999-08-17•Depth: 17 km•North Anatolian Fault (Marmara Branch)

Casualties17,127

Strong Shaking~16.2M

Nasca, Ica, Peru

1942-08-24•Depth: 30 km•EL_HUEVO_FAULT

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~4.1M

Shariff Kabunsuan, Philippines

1976-08-16•Depth: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~27.8M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1972-12-02•Depth: 51 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~20.2M

Bío-Bío, Chile

1960-05-21•Depth: 25 km•Falla Lanalhue 004b

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~3.3M

Off the coast of Miyazaki, Japan

1941-11-18•Depth: 35 km•Soyabaru

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.2M

Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico

1995-10-09•Depth: 33 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~9.2M

Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar

1912-05-23•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~20.5M

Off the coast of Yokohama, Japan

1923-09-02•Depth: 15 km•Kamogawachikotai-minami

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~49.3M

Valparaíso, Chile

1985-03-03•Depth: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~8.5M

Off the coast of Chincha Alta, Peru

2007-08-15•Depth: 39 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.3M

Canterbury, New Zealand

New ZealandTsunami

2016-11-13•Depth: 15 km•Kekerengu / Hope Faults (21 segments)

Strong Shaking~1.2M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1913-03-14•Depth: 15 km•Offshore Davao Gulf

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~15.2M

Xinjiang Uygur, China

1931-08-10•Depth: 10 km•Fuyun Fault, Central Segment

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~14.3M

Hualien, Taiwan

2024-04-02•Depth: 20 km•Longitudinal Valley fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~43.6M

Pingtung, Taiwan

1951-11-24•Depth: 30 km•Longitudinal Valley fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~33.4M

Bhaktapur, Nepal

2015-04-25•Depth: 8 km•Main Himalayan Thrust

Casualties8,964

Strong Shaking~31.9M

Off the coast of Biak, Indonesia

1979-09-12•Depth: 5 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~12M

Oaxaca, Mexico

1928-06-17•Depth: 20 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~4.7M

Off the coast of Sungaipenuh, Indonesia

2007-09-12•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~13M

Off the coast of Yokohama, Japan

1953-11-25•Depth: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~9.6M

Off the coast of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2000-06-04•Depth: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.3M

Off the coast of Miyazaki, Japan

1931-11-02•Depth: 35 km•Soyabaru

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~10.2M

Off the coast of Rabaul, Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

1919-05-06•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~626K

Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India

2001-01-26•Depth: 16 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~49.3M

Off the coast of Palu, Indonesia

1996-01-01•Depth: 24 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~7.5M

Gaziantep, Turkey

2023-02-06•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~18.3M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

1931-03-09•Depth: 35 km•Oritsume

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~8.7M

Taichung City, Taiwan

1999-09-20•Depth: 8 km•Chelungpu Thrust Fault

Casualties2,415

Strong Shaking~43.6M

Gansu, China

1932-12-25•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~17M

Gansu, China

1937-01-07•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~16.3M

Gansu, China

2001-11-14•Depth: 10 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~16.3M

Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

1990-07-16•Depth: 25 km•Digdig Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~40.5M

Sea of Japan (Japan)

1938-05-23•Depth: 15 km•Takahagi

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~38.6M

Off the coast of Perryville, USA

1938-11-10•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~452K

Philippine Sea (Taiwan)

1922-09-01•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~36M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

2025-12-08•Depth: 41 km•Noheji

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~4.1M

Baluchistan, Pakistan

2013-09-24•Depth: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~33.2M

Sea of Japan (Japan)

2024-01-01•Depth: 10 km•Notokaigan

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~6.1M

Erzincan, Turkey

1939-12-26•Depth: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~11.9M

Papua, Indonesia

1906-06-01•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~14M

Negros Occidental, Philippines

1948-01-24•Depth: 15 km•West Panay Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~11.2M

Morobe, Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

1906-09-14•Depth: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~2.1M

Colima, Mexico

1932-06-18•Depth: 15 km•Techaluta

Casualties> 1,000

Strong Shaking~9.9M

Frequently Asked Questions About Historical Earthquakes

Verified scientific, operational, and emergency protocols

The 1960 Valdivia Earthquake in Chile is the most powerful instrumentally verified earthquake in history, registering an Mw 9.5. The megathrust rupture spanned over 1,000 kilometers along the Peru-Chile Trench and generated a trans-oceanic tsunami reaching Hawaii, Japan, and the Philippines.