Référence sismique permanente • De 1700 à nos jours•100 Ruptures catastrophiques

Les 100 séismes les plus marquants de l'histoire

L'archive mondiale de référence des grands mégachevauchements enregistrés, des zones de rupture historiques et des tsunamis dévastateurs. Classement établi par une notation géophysique rigoureuse combinant magnitude de moment (Mw), exposition de la population selon la densité H3 et bilan humain.

Séismes dans la base1M+

Magnitude max.M 9.5

Fortes secousses~1.9B+

Sources scientifiques18 Sources

Carte mondiale des épicentres marquants (de 1700 à nos jours)

100 / 100

Activité sismique et magnitudes sur trois siècles (de 1700 à nos jours)

Répartition des grandes ruptures historiques enregistrées sur trois siècles. Magnitude en fonction de la profondeur focale.

Survolez ou touchez un point pour les détails.Risque glissant actuel: M8.8

Superficiel (<35 km)Intermédiaire (35–70 km)Profond (>70 km)

100 séismes marquants affichés sur 100

La Araucanía, Chile

1960-05-22•Profondeur: 25 km•Peru-Chile Trench (Nazca Subduction)

Victimes1,000–6,000

Fortes secousses~18M

Off the coast of Sendai, Japan

2011-03-11•Profondeur: 29 km•Japan Trench Megathrust

Fortes secousses~81.9M

Off the coast of Lhokseumawe, Indonesia

IndonesiaTsunami

2004-12-26•Profondeur: 30 km•Sunda Megathrust

Victimes227,898

Fortes secousses~50M

Alaska, USA

1964-03-28•Profondeur: 25 km•Aleutian Megathrust

Fortes secousses~10.8M

Off the coast of Portland, USA

1700-01-26•Profondeur: 20 km•Cascadia Megathrust

VictimesUnknown (Orphan Tsunami)

Fortes secousses~17.3M

Off the coast of Esmeraldas, Ecuador

1906-01-31•Profondeur: 25 km•Colombia-Ecuador Trench

Fortes secousses~16.9M

Off the coast of Concepción, Chile

2010-02-27•Profondeur: 23 km•Peru-Chile Trench

Fortes secousses~13.6M

Off the coast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

1952-11-04•Profondeur: 21 km•Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

Fortes secousses~1.1M

Off the coast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

2025-07-29•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~942K

North Atlantic Ocean (Portugal)

PortugalTsunami

1755-11-01•Profondeur: 20 km•Gorringe Bank Thrust

Fortes secousses~10.5M

Assam, India

1950-08-15•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~112.1M

Off the coast of Sibolga, Indonesia

2005-03-28•Profondeur: 30 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~23M

Off the coast of Viña del Mar, Chile

2015-09-16•Profondeur: 22 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.5M

Banda Sea (Indonesia)

1938-02-01•Profondeur: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~14.2M

Off the coast of Escuintla, Mexico

2017-09-08•Profondeur: 47 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~8.9M

Gansu, China

1920-12-16•Profondeur: 17 km•Haiyuan Fault

Victimes200,000

Fortes secousses~46.5M

Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

1923-09-01•Profondeur: 15 km•Sagami Trough Subduction

Victimes142,800

Fortes secousses~56.8M

Off the coast of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2007-09-12•Profondeur: 34 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~18.9M

Off the coast of Wakayama, Japan

1946-12-20•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~30.7M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1918-08-15•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~28.9M

Off the coast of Iquique, Chile

2014-04-01•Profondeur: 25 km•Pisagua

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~1.8M

North Pacific Ocean (Japan)

1933-03-02•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~7.2M

Off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan

1920-06-05•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~43.6M

Michoacán, Mexico

1985-09-19•Profondeur: 20 km•Middle America Trench

Fortes secousses~7.3M

Arequipa, Peru

2001-06-23•Profondeur: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~5.9M

San Francisco, California, USA

1906-04-18•Profondeur: 10 km•San Andreas Fault (Northern Segment)

Fortes secousses~12.6M

Papua, Indonesia

1914-05-26•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~16.7M

Aleutian Islands (USA)

1946-04-01•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~351K

Atacama, Chile

1922-11-11•Profondeur: 70 km•Falla Pismanta-Las Flores

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~3.7M

Off the coast of Wakayama, Japan

1944-12-07•Profondeur: 15 km•Senmata

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~30.6M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

1968-05-16•Profondeur: 27 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~11.8M

Off the coast of Perryville, USA

2021-07-29•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~452K

Almaty, Kazakhstan

1911-01-03•Profondeur: 20 km•Chon-Kemin-Chilik Fault Zone

Fortes secousses~11M

Off the coast of Kushiro, Japan

2003-09-25•Profondeur: 27 km•Kochien

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.9M

Davao Del Sur, Philippines

1924-04-14•Profondeur: 15 km•Mati Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~26.7M

Janakpur, Nepal

1934-01-15•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~62.6M

Off the coast of Turbat, Pakistan

1945-11-27•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~23.8M

Valparaíso, Chile

1906-08-17•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.4M

Indian Ocean (Indonesia)

1907-01-04•Profondeur: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~6.8M

North Pacific Ocean (Japan)

1994-10-04•Profondeur: 14 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~2.6M

Kamchatka, Russia

1923-02-03•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~1M

Huacho, Lima, Peru

1940-05-24•Profondeur: 45 km•RAPAZ FAULT SYSTEM

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~11.1M

Esmeraldas, Ecuador

2016-04-16•Profondeur: 21 km•MACHE_FAULT

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~7.2M

Jalisco, Mexico

1932-06-03•Profondeur: 35 km•Techaluta

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~16.4M

Himachal Pradesh, India

1905-04-04•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~83.5M

Xinjiang Uygur, China

1906-12-22•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~28.3M

Chimbote, Ancash, Peru

1970-05-31•Profondeur: 45 km•Peru-Chile Subduction Zone

Fortes secousses~3.7M

Off the coast of Huaura, Peru

1966-10-17•Profondeur: 37 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.5M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

2026-06-07•Profondeur: 57 km•Daguma Extension Mindanao Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~21.9M

Off the coast of Kushiro, Japan

1952-03-04•Profondeur: 45 km•Kochien

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~12.3M

Valparaíso, Chile

1943-04-06•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~8.2M

Off the coast of Biak, Indonesia

1996-02-17•Profondeur: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~7.6M

Indian Ocean (Indonesia)

1965-01-24•Profondeur: 28 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~2.6M

Sichuan, China

2008-05-12•Profondeur: 19 km•Longmenshan Thrust Fault

Fortes secousses~37.3M

Dzavhan, Mongolia

1905-07-23•Profondeur: 15 km•Bulnay Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~915K

Sea of Japan (Japan)

2011-03-11•Profondeur: 43 km•Takahagi

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~53.7M

İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

1999-08-17•Profondeur: 17 km•North Anatolian Fault (Marmara Branch)

Fortes secousses~16.2M

Nasca, Ica, Peru

1942-08-24•Profondeur: 30 km•EL_HUEVO_FAULT

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~4.1M

Shariff Kabunsuan, Philippines

1976-08-16•Profondeur: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~27.8M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1972-12-02•Profondeur: 51 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~20.2M

Bío-Bío, Chile

1960-05-21•Profondeur: 25 km•Falla Lanalhue 004b

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~3.3M

Off the coast of Miyazaki, Japan

1941-11-18•Profondeur: 35 km•Soyabaru

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.2M

Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico

1995-10-09•Profondeur: 33 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~9.2M

Taunggyi, Shan, Myanmar

1912-05-23•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~20.5M

Off the coast of Yokohama, Japan

1923-09-02•Profondeur: 15 km•Kamogawachikotai-minami

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~49.3M

Valparaíso, Chile

1985-03-03•Profondeur: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~8.5M

Off the coast of Chincha Alta, Peru

2007-08-15•Profondeur: 39 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.3M

Canterbury, New Zealand

New ZealandTsunami

2016-11-13•Profondeur: 15 km•Kekerengu / Hope Faults (21 segments)

Fortes secousses~1.2M

Philippine Sea (Philippines)

1913-03-14•Profondeur: 15 km•Offshore Davao Gulf

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~15.2M

Xinjiang Uygur, China

1931-08-10•Profondeur: 10 km•Fuyun Fault, Central Segment

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~14.3M

Hualien, Taiwan

2024-04-02•Profondeur: 20 km•Longitudinal Valley fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~43.6M

Pingtung, Taiwan

1951-11-24•Profondeur: 30 km•Longitudinal Valley fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~33.4M

Bhaktapur, Nepal

2015-04-25•Profondeur: 8 km•Main Himalayan Thrust

Fortes secousses~31.9M

Off the coast of Biak, Indonesia

1979-09-12•Profondeur: 5 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~12M

Oaxaca, Mexico

1928-06-17•Profondeur: 20 km•Middle America Trench megathrust

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~4.7M

Off the coast of Sungaipenuh, Indonesia

2007-09-12•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~13M

Off the coast of Yokohama, Japan

1953-11-25•Profondeur: 25 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~9.6M

Off the coast of Bengkulu, Indonesia

2000-06-04•Profondeur: 33 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.3M

Off the coast of Miyazaki, Japan

1931-11-02•Profondeur: 35 km•Soyabaru

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~10.2M

Off the coast of Rabaul, Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

1919-05-06•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~626K

Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India

2001-01-26•Profondeur: 16 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~49.3M

Off the coast of Palu, Indonesia

1996-01-01•Profondeur: 24 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~7.5M

Gaziantep, Turkey

2023-02-06•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~18.3M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

1931-03-09•Profondeur: 35 km•Oritsume

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~8.7M

Taichung City, Taiwan

1999-09-20•Profondeur: 8 km•Chelungpu Thrust Fault

Fortes secousses~43.6M

Gansu, China

1932-12-25•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~17M

Gansu, China

1937-01-07•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~16.3M

Gansu, China

2001-11-14•Profondeur: 10 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~16.3M

Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

1990-07-16•Profondeur: 25 km•Digdig Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~40.5M

Sea of Japan (Japan)

1938-05-23•Profondeur: 15 km•Takahagi

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~38.6M

Off the coast of Perryville, USA

1938-11-10•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~452K

Philippine Sea (Taiwan)

1922-09-01•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~36M

Off the coast of Hachinohe, Japan

2025-12-08•Profondeur: 41 km•Noheji

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~4.1M

Baluchistan, Pakistan

2013-09-24•Profondeur: 15 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~33.2M

Sea of Japan (Japan)

2024-01-01•Profondeur: 10 km•Notokaigan

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~6.1M

Erzincan, Turkey

1939-12-26•Profondeur: 20 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~11.9M

Papua, Indonesia

1906-06-01•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~14M

Negros Occidental, Philippines

1948-01-24•Profondeur: 15 km•West Panay Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~11.2M

Morobe, Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

1906-09-14•Profondeur: 35 km•Unnamed Fault

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~2.1M

Colima, Mexico

1932-06-18•Profondeur: 15 km•Techaluta

Victimes> 1,000

Fortes secousses~9.9M

Questions fréquentes sur les séismes historiques

Protocoles scientifiques, opérationnels et d’urgence vérifiés

Le séisme de Valdivia de 1960 au Chili est le plus puissant séisme vérifié instrumentalement de l'histoire, avec une magnitude Mw 9.5. La rupture de mégachevauchement s'est étendue sur plus de 1 000 kilomètres le long de la fosse Pérou-Chili et a généré un tsunami transocéanique qui a atteint Hawaï, le Japon et les Philippines.