What kind of volcano is Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai?

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai is classified as a Caldera in Tonga. Its tectonic setting is Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km).

How is seismicity near Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai monitored here?

Earthquakes within 50 km of the crater are aggregated from 18 seismic networks and checked against a swarm rule that compares the current rate with this volcano's own 30-day background. Ash advisories come from the VAAC centres that are connected.

Photo:NOAA / CSU / CIRA

Volcano Dossier•GVP #243040

20.55°S, 175.38°W

Erupted since 2000

Volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai

Q: When did Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai last erupt?

The most recent eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai recorded by the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program was in 2022.

Q: How is seismicity near Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai monitored here?

Earthquakes within 50 km of the crater are aggregated from 18 seismic networks and checked against a swarm rule that compares the current rate with this volcano's own 30-day background. Ash advisories come from the VAAC centres that are connected.

Gunung api yang sebagian besar berada di bawah laut, yang letusannya pada 15 Januari 2022 menjadi ledakan terkuat yang pernah direkam instrumen modern. Kolomnya mencapai 57 km hingga mesosfer, gelombang tekanannya mengelilingi Bumi beberapa kali, dan tsunami menerjang pantai di seluruh Pasifik; letusan ini juga menyuntikkan uap air dalam jumlah rekor ke stratosfer.

Last Eruption

2022

Erupted since 2000

Summit Elevation

0.1 km

Kaldera · Andesit / Andesit basal

Seismic State

Normal Baseline

0 events (1.0x rate)

Interactive Volcano & Seismicity Map

Seismicity within 50 km radius, active VAAC ash plumes, and tectonic plate boundaries.

Recent seismicity within 50 km

0 events in the last 12 h within 25 km of the crater.

Waktu	Magnitudo	Episenter / Lokasi	Jarak	Kedalaman
1mo ago	M4.9	Lepas pantai Nukuʻalofa (30 km BL, Tonga)	49 km	157.8 km
1mo ago	M4.9	Lepas pantai Nukuʻalofa (30 km BL, Tonga)	49 km	157.8 km
1mo ago	M4.8	Lepas pantai Nukuʻalofa (30 km BL, Tonga)	49 km	121.9 km

Geological & Tectonic Profile

Kaldera

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai is an active Caldera formed in an active Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km). Dominant lithology: Andesite / Basaltic Andesite.

Edifice TypeKaldera

Major RockAndesit / Andesit basal

Tectonic SettingZona subduksi

Volcanic ArcTofua busur vulkanik

Volcanic Dossier

VN #243040

Official catalogue parameters, coordinates, elevation and geotectonic classification.

NegaraTonga

Koordinat kawah-20.553°, -175.384°

Summit Elevation0.1 km

SubregionTofua busur vulkanik

Catalog SourceSmithsonian GVP (#243040)

Authoritative Monitoring Infrastructure

All 18 Networks & VAAC →

Seismic ObservatoryGSN / FDSN

Global Seismographic Network & Regional Centers

Official Portal

ICAO Aviation Ash Center

ICAO Volcanic Ash Advisory Network

International Civil Aviation Organization

VAAC Advisory Desk

Swarm telemetry correlated across 18 networks against a 30-day baseline.Read Science & Physics →

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan (FAQ)

Protokol ilmiah, operasional, dan darurat terverifikasi

The most recent eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai recorded by the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program was in 2022.

Catalogue: Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program.Smithsonian GVP profile